Chambers, J. R., Windschitl, P. D., & Suls, J. (2003). Egocentrism, event frequency, and unrealistic optimism: When what happens frequently is "more likely to happen to me." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1343-1356.

Three studies (N = 173) investigated the role of non-motivated egocentric processes in comparative optimism (and pessimism). According to an egocentric-processes account, when people judge their comparative likelihood of experiencing an event (e.g., "Compared to the average person, how likely are you to become wealthy?"), they consider their own chances of experiencing the event more so than the referent's chances. This should produce higher comparative estimates when an event's absolute frequency is high rather than low--a prediction supported in Study 1, which manipulated event frequency through a novel time-frame manipulation. Study 2 empirically distinguished egocentrism from a related focalism account. In Study 3, comparative estimates were related to the perceived frequency of events, independent of the events’ perceived desirability and controllability. Path analyses provided additional support for egocentrism, and systematic cases of comparative pessimism were observed as predicted by the egocentric-processes account.